Sezerera ku kaga gahishe k’ikosa ry’amashanyarazi: intwaro y’ibanga yo kugenzura ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe mu byumba byo gukwirakwizamo ibikoresho

Muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ya none, icyumba cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi gifite uruhare runini. Ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi gihuza amashanyarazi atangwa, atangwa, ahindurwa n'ikoreshwa ryayo. Ingaruka z'umutekano wayo ntizishobora kwirengagizwa.

Icyumba cyo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi kirimo ibikoresho byinshi by'amashanyarazi n'insinga nini. Iyo habayeho ikibazo cy'amashanyarazi, gishobora gutera impanuka y'inkongi y'umuriro. Inkongi y'umuriro ni imwe mu ngorane zikomeye zigaragara mu byumba byo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho.

Ku bikoresho by'ingenzi nko mu byumba bikwirakwiza amashanyarazi, kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu buryo nyabwo ni ngombwa cyane, kuko ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe bizatuma imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga igabanuka, igihe cyo gukora kigabanuka, no kugabanya imikorere y'ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kandi gutera igihe kidasanzwe cyo kudakora neza kwa seriveri mu byumba bikwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Mu bihe bikomeye, bishobora no guteza ibyago byo gushoka cyangwa guturika kw'amashanyarazi.

Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu cyumba gikwirakwizwa:

· Ubushyuhe bw'akabati k'ibikoresho byo gusimbuza gafite voltage nke ni dogere 15 kandi ubushuhe buri munsi ya 75%.

· Ubushyuhe bw'akabati k'amashanyarazi gafite ingufu nyinshi ni dogere 25 kandi ubushuhe buri munsi ya 50%.

· Akabati k'amashanyarazi gafite voltage nkeya mu cyumba gikwirakwiza amashanyarazi gakoresha ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB7251.1-2005.

· Icyumba cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ni akabati k'amashanyarazi gafite ingufu nyinshi ka 10KV gakoresha ibipimo ngenderwaho bya GB3906-2006.

Kuki ugomba kugenzura ubushyuhe?

Irinde ubushyuhe bukabije n'ingaruka z'inkongi: Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi biri mu cyumba gikwirakwiza amashanyarazi bizatanga ubushyuhe mu gihe gisanzwe. Iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse nabi cyangwa umutwaro uri hejuru cyane, ubushyuhe bw'imbere bw'ibikoresho buzakomeza kwiyongera. Mu bihe bikomeye, bishobora gutera ubushyuhe bukabije bw'ibice by'amashanyarazi, gusaza kw'ibikoresho, no gufunga imiyoboro migufi. Ndetse no gufatwa n'inkongi y'umuriro.

Ubushyuhe bukabije buzagira ingaruka ku mikorere n'ubuzima bw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Urugero, transfoma, utubati tw'amashanyarazi, utumashini duhagarika amashanyarazi n'ibindi bikoresho bifite urugero rwabyo rw'ubushyuhe. Kurenga uru rugero bishobora kwangiza cyangwa gukora nabi ibikoresho.

Kuki ugenzura ubushuhe?

Kunanirwa kw'ubushuhe n'ubushyuhe: Mu kirere gifite ubushuhe bwinshi, ubushuhe mu kirere bushobora kwinjirira mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi byoroshye, cyane cyane ku bikoresho bikingira ubushuhe, bishobora gutuma ubushobozi bwo gukingira bugabanuka, bigatera impanuka z'umutekano nko kuvogera no gufungana.

Irinde kohereza amazi mu kirere no gukora amakosa mu mfuruka: Umwuka urimo ubushuhe wongera imbaraga zo kwangirika k'umwuka kandi wongere ibyago byo kuvamo amashanyarazi mu mfuruka. Cyane cyane mu makabati afite ingufu nyinshi, ubushuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma mfuruka y'umuyaga ihinduka, bigashyira mu kaga umutekano w'ibikoresho n'ababikora.

Irinde ko ibice by'ikoranabuhanga bitose: Ubushuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma ibice by'ikoranabuhanga binanirwa gukora bitewe n'ubushuhe, bigatera ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y'ibikoresho kandi bigahagarika igihe cyabyo cyo kubikoresha.

Intwaro y'ibanga yo kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu byumba byo gukwirakwizamo ibikoresho mu buryo bwihuse

Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu byumba byo gukwirakwizamo ibikoresho muri rusange bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Internet of Things. Ibisubizo byihariye ni ibi bikurikira:

Shyiramo ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje mu cyumba gikwirakwizamo ibikoresho

Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, sensor z'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe muri rusange zishyirwa ahantu h'ingenzi, nko mu bice byuzuye ibikoresho, ahantu hashyuha cyane, aho umwuka winjirira, aho umwuka ugaruka, nibindi, kugira ngo zishobore kugaragaza neza no kugenzura imiterere y'ibidukikije mu cyumba cyose cya mudasobwa. Sensor ishobora gukusanya amakuru y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu bidukikije mu gihe nyacyo igahindura ayo makuru mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi.

Kohereza amakuru
Shyira amakuru y'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe yakusanyijwe na sensor kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura inyuma hakoreshejwe insinga (nka RS485 bus) cyangwa insinga (nka LoRa, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, 4G, nibindi).

Sisitemu yo kugenzura inyuma y'inyuma
Akira kandi utunganye amakuru yashyizwe ku rubuga n'icyuma gipima imbere kugira ngo agaragazwe, ashyirwe mu bubiko kandi asesengurwe mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo. Iyo ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe birenze urugero rwagenwe, ikimenyetso cy'intabaza gishobora koherezwa mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo hafatwe ingamba ku gihe zo guhindura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu cyumba gikwirakwiza amashanyarazi.

Porogaramu igendanwa/kurebera kuri mudasobwa ukoresheje telefoni
Abayobozi bashobora kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu gihe nyacyo muri buri cyumba gikwirakwiza amashanyarazi igihe icyo ari cyo cyose bakoresheje porogaramu cyangwa mudasobwa igendanwa kugira ngo bagere ku buyobozi bw'ubwenge bwa kure.

Gukurikirana ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu byumba bitanga amashanyarazi ni kimwe mu bigize gusa mu kwemeza ko sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ikora neza. Ni ngombwa kandi kugenzura no gucunga imikorere y'ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi. Binyuze mu gukurikirana mu buryo butunguranye ibipimo bitandukanye by'amashanyarazi n'ibidukikije, imicungire y'ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze ishobora kugerwaho.

• Gukurikirana ibikoresho byo kumenya amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, bigabanye ingorane zo kubigenzura n'intoki.
• Itangazo ry’ibiza ryikora ku buryo bwikora kugira ngo rikomeze gukora neza kw’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi no kugabanya igihombo cy’ibiza n’amafaranga yo kubikoresha no kubibungabunga.
• Nyuma y’uko amakuru akusanywa agashyikirizwa sisitemu yo kugenzura ibidukikije, imikorere y’ibikoresho bikonjesha, ibikuraho ubushuhe n’ibindi bikoresho ishobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe ibikenewe kugira ngo hagenzurwe neza, bityo bigashyirwa mu bikorwa byo kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya.
• Kugabanya neza igipimo cy’ibura ry’ibikoresho biterwa n’ibidukikije, kongera igihe cyo kubikoresha, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubikoresha no kubibungabunga.